initialise a memory structure or smth

Signed-off-by: Amneesh Singh <natto@weirdnatto.in>

apps/target/main.cc

@@ -1,15 +1,74 @@
-#include "emulator.hh"
+#include "memory.hh"
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <fstream>
 #include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
 
 int
 main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
-    if (argc != 2) {
+    auto usage = [argv]() {
-        std::cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <file>" << std::endl;
+        std::cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <file> [-b <bios>]" << std::endl;
-        return 1;
+        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    };
+
+    if (argc < 2)
+        usage();
+
+    std::string rom_file, bios_file = "gba_bios.bin";
+
+    for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
+        std::string arg = argv[i];
+
+        if (arg == "-b") {
+            if (++i < argc)
+                bios_file = argv[i];
+            else
+                usage();
+        } else {
+            rom_file = arg;
+        }
     }
 
+    if (rom_file.empty())
+        usage();
+
     try {
-        emulator::run(argv[1]);
+        std::ifstream ifile(rom_file, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
+        std::vector<uint8_t> rom;
+        std::array<uint8_t, Memory::BIOS_SIZE> bios;
+        std::streampos bios_size;
+
+        if (!ifile.is_open()) {
+            throw std::ios::failure("File not found", std::error_code());
+        }
+
+        rom.assign(std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(ifile),
+                   std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+
+        ifile.close();
+
+        ifile.open(bios_file, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
+
+        if (!ifile.is_open()) {
+            throw std::ios::failure("BIOS file not found", std::error_code());
+        }
+
+        ifile.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
+        bios_size = ifile.tellg();
+
+        if (bios_size != Memory::BIOS_SIZE) {
+            throw std::ios::failure("BIOS file has invalid size",
+                                    std::error_code());
+        }
+
+        ifile.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
+
+        ifile.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(bios.data()), bios.size());
+
+        ifile.close();
+
+        Memory memory(std::move(bios), std::move(rom));
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
         std::cerr << "Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
         return 1;

include/emulator.hh

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef EMULATOR_HH
-#define EMULATOR_HH
-
-// Why do I have a public API? We will know that in the future
-
-#include <string>
-
-namespace emulator {
-void
-run(std::string filepath);
-
-void
-run(std::ifstream& ifile);
-}
-
-#endif /* EMULATOR_HH */

include/header.hh

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../src/header.hh

include/memory.hh

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../src/memory.hh

include/meson.build

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 headers = files(
-  'emulator.hh'
+  'memory.hh',
+  'header.hh'
 )
 
 install_headers(headers, subdir: meson.project_name(), preserve_path: true)

src/bus.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#include "bus.hh"
+
+Bus::Bus(Memory&& memory)
+  : memory(std::move(memory)) {}

src/bus.hh

@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <fstream>
+#include "memory.hh"
-#include <vector>
 
 class Bus {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> data;
-
   public:
-    Bus() = default;
+    Bus(Memory&& memory);
-    Bus(std::istream& ifile)
+
-      : data(std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(ifile),
+  private:
-             std::istreambuf_iterator<char>()) {}
+    Memory memory;
 };

src/cpu/arm/insruction.hh

@@ -1,21 +1,3 @@
-enum class ArmInstructionFormat {
-    DataProcessingAndFsrTransfer,
-    Multiply,
-    MultiplyLong,
-    SingleDataSwap,
-    BranchAndExchange,
-    HalfwordDataTransferRegisterOffset,
-    HalfwordDataTransferImmediateOffset,
-    SingleDataTransfer,
-    Undefined,
-    BlockDataTransfer,
-    Branch,
-    CoprocessorDataTransfer,
-    CoprocessorDataOperation,
-    CoprocessorRegisterTransfer,
-    SoftwareInterrupt
-};
-
 enum class Condition {
     EQ = 0b0000,
     NE = 0b0001,
@@ -53,7 +35,7 @@ enum class OpCode {
     MVN = 0b1111
 };
 
-enum class Shift {
+enum class ShiftType {
     LSL = 0b00,
     LSR = 0b01,
     ASR = 0b10,

src/cpu/cpu.cc

@@ -3,6 +3,19 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstdio>
 
+Cpu::Cpu(Bus bus)
+  : gpr(0)
+  , cpsr(0)
+  , spsr(0)
+  , bus(bus)
+  , gpr_banked({ { 0 }, { 0 }, { 0 }, { 0 }, { 0 }, { 0 } })
+  , spsr_banked({ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }) {
+    cpsr.set_mode(Mode::System);
+    cpsr.set_irq_disabled(true);
+    cpsr.set_fiq_disabled(true);
+    cpsr.set_state(State::Arm);
+}
+
 /* change modes */
 void
 Cpu::chg_mode(Mode from, Mode to) {
@@ -92,13 +105,13 @@ Cpu::chg_mode(Mode from, Mode to) {
 
 //  set register
 inline uint32_t&
-Cpu::operator[](size_t idx) {
+Cpu::operator[](uint8_t idx) {
     // avoid unneeded complexity like index checks
     return gpr[idx];
 }
 
 // get register
 inline const uint32_t&
-Cpu::operator[](size_t idx) const {
+Cpu::operator[](uint8_t idx) const {
     return gpr[idx];
 }

src/cpu/cpu.hh

@@ -7,8 +7,11 @@
 
 using std::size_t;
 
-static constexpr size_t GPR_VISIBLE_COUNT = 16;
+class Cpu {
+  public:
+    Cpu(Bus bus);
 
+  private:
     static constexpr size_t GPR_FIQ_BANKED_FIRST = 8;
     static constexpr size_t GPR_FIQ_BANKED_COUNT = 7;
 
@@ -27,51 +30,34 @@ static constexpr size_t GPR_UND_BANKED_COUNT = 2;
     static constexpr size_t GPR_SYS_USR_BANKED_FIRST = 8;
     static constexpr size_t GPR_SYS_USR_BANKED_COUNT = 7;
 
-struct _GprBanked {
+    static constexpr size_t GPR_VISIBLE_COUNT = 16;
+
+    uint32_t gpr[GPR_VISIBLE_COUNT]; // general purpose registers
+    Psr cpsr;                        // current program status register
+    Psr spsr;                        // status program status register
+    Bus bus;
+
+    struct {
         uint32_t fiq[GPR_FIQ_BANKED_COUNT];
         uint32_t svc[GPR_SVC_BANKED_COUNT];
         uint32_t abt[GPR_ABT_BANKED_COUNT];
         uint32_t irq[GPR_IRQ_BANKED_COUNT];
         uint32_t und[GPR_UND_BANKED_COUNT];
 
-    /* visible registers before the mode switch */
+        // visible registers before the mode switch
         uint32_t old[GPR_SYS_USR_BANKED_COUNT];
-};
+    } gpr_banked; // banked general purpose registers
-typedef struct _GprBanked GprBanked;
 
-struct _SpsrBanked {
+    struct {
         Psr fiq;
         Psr svc;
         Psr abt;
         Psr irq;
         Psr und;
-};
+    } spsr_banked; // banked saved program status registers
-typedef struct _SpsrBanked SpsrBanked;
-
-class Cpu {
-    uint32_t gpr[GPR_VISIBLE_COUNT]; // general purpose registers
-    GprBanked gpr_banked;            // banked general purpose registers
-    SpsrBanked spsr_banked;          // banked saved program status registers
-    Psr cpsr;                        // current program status register
-    Psr spsr;                        // status program status register
-    Bus bus;
 
     void chg_mode(Mode from, Mode to);
 
-    uint32_t& operator[](size_t idx);
+    uint32_t& operator[](uint8_t idx);
-    const uint32_t& operator[](size_t idx) const;
+    const uint32_t& operator[](uint8_t idx) const;
-
-  public:
-    Cpu(Bus bus)
-      : gpr(0)
-      , gpr_banked({ { 0 }, { 0 }, { 0 }, { 0 }, { 0 }, { 0 } })
-      , spsr_banked({ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 })
-      , cpsr(0)
-      , spsr(0)
-      , bus(bus) {
-        cpsr.set_mode(Mode::System);
-        cpsr.set_irq_disabled(true);
-        cpsr.set_fiq_disabled(true);
-        cpsr.set_state(State::Arm);
-    }
 };

src/cpu/meson.build

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 lib_sources += files(
-  'cpu.cc'
+  'cpu.cc',
+  'psr.cc'
 )
 
 subdir('arm')

src/cpu/psr.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#include "psr.hh"
+#include "util/bits.hh"
+
+Psr::Psr(uint32_t raw) {
+    psr = raw & PSR_CLEAR_RESERVED;
+}
+
+Mode
+Psr::mode() const {
+    return static_cast<Mode>(psr & ~PSR_CLEAR_MODE);
+}
+
+void
+Psr::set_mode(Mode mode) {
+    psr &= PSR_CLEAR_MODE;
+    psr |= static_cast<uint32_t>(mode);
+}
+
+bool
+Psr::state() const {
+    return get_nth_bit(psr, 5);
+}
+
+void
+Psr::set_state(State state) {
+    chg_nth_bit(psr, 5, static_cast<bool>(state));
+}
+
+#define GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(name, n)                                     \
+    bool Psr::name() const {                                                   \
+        return get_nth_bit(psr, n);                                            \
+    }                                                                          \
+    void Psr::set_##name(bool val) {                                           \
+        chg_nth_bit(psr, n, val);                                              \
+    }
+
+GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(fiq_disabled, 6)
+
+GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(irq_disabled, 7)
+
+GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(v, 28);
+
+GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(c, 29);
+
+GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(z, 30);
+
+GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(n, 31);
+
+#undef GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS

src/cpu/psr.hh

@@ -1,55 +1,51 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "bits.hh"
+#include "util/bits.hh"
 #include "utility.hh"
 #include <cstdint>
 
-static constexpr uint32_t PSR_CLEAR_RESERVED = 0xf00000ff;
-static constexpr uint32_t PSR_CLEAR_MODE     = 0x0b00000;
-
 class Psr {
-    uint32_t psr;
-
   public:
     // clear the reserved bits i.e, [8:27]
-    Psr(uint32_t raw) { psr = raw & PSR_CLEAR_RESERVED; }
+    Psr(uint32_t raw);
 
     // Mode : [4:0]
-    Mode mode() const { return static_cast<Mode>(psr & ~PSR_CLEAR_MODE); }
+    Mode mode() const;
-    void set_mode(Mode mode) {
+    void set_mode(Mode mode);
-        psr &= PSR_CLEAR_MODE;
-        psr |= static_cast<uint32_t>(mode);
-    }
 
     // State : [5]
-    bool state() const { return get_nth_bit(psr, 5); }
+    bool state() const;
-    void set_state(State state) {
+    void set_state(State state);
-        chg_nth_bit(psr, 5, static_cast<bool>(state));
-    }
 
-#define GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(name, n)                                     \
+#define GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(name)                                        \
-    bool name() const { return get_nth_bit(psr, n); }                          \
+    bool name() const;                                                         \
-    void set_##name(bool val) { chg_nth_bit(psr, n, val); }
+    void set_##name(bool val);
 
     // FIQ disable : [6]
-    GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(fiq_disabled, 6)
+    GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(fiq_disabled)
 
     // IRQ disable : [7]
-    GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(irq_disabled, 7)
+    GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(irq_disabled)
 
     // Reserved bits : [27:8]
 
     // Overflow flag : [28]
-    GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(v, 28);
+    GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(v)
 
     // Carry flag : [29]
-    GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(c, 29);
+    GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(c)
 
     // Zero flag : [30]
-    GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(z, 30);
+    GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(z)
 
     // Negative flag : [30]
-    GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(n, 31);
+    GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS(n)
 
 #undef GET_SET_NTH_BIT_FUNCTIONS
+
+  private:
+    static constexpr uint32_t PSR_CLEAR_RESERVED = 0xf00000ff;
+    static constexpr uint32_t PSR_CLEAR_MODE     = 0x0b00000;
+
+    uint32_t psr;
 };

src/emulator.cc

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-#include "emulator.hh"
-#include "bus.hh"
-#include "cpu/cpu.hh"
-#include <fstream>
-
-namespace emulator {
-void
-run(std::ifstream& ifile) {
-    Bus bus(ifile);
-    Cpu cpu(bus);
-}
-
-void
-run(std::string filepath) {
-    std::ifstream ifile(filepath, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
-
-    if (!ifile.is_open()) {
-        throw std::ios::failure("No such file exists", std::error_code());
-    }
-
-    run(ifile);
-    ifile.close();
-}
-}

src/header.hh

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
+
+typedef struct {
+    enum class UniqueCode {
+        Old,        // old games
+        New,        // new games
+        Newer,      // unused (newer games)
+        Famicom,    // NES
+        YoshiKoro,  // acceleration sensor
+        Ereader,    // dot code scanner
+        Warioware,  // rumble and z-axis gyro
+        Boktai,     // RTC and solar sensor
+        DrillDozer, // rumble
+    };
+
+    enum class I18n {
+        Japan,
+        Europe,
+        French,
+        Spanish,
+        Usa,
+        German,
+        Italian
+    };
+
+    enum class BootMode {
+        Joybus,
+        Normal,
+        Multiplay
+    };
+
+    uint32_t entrypoint;
+    char title[12];
+    UniqueCode unique_code;
+    char title_code[2];
+    I18n i18n;
+    uint8_t version;
+    BootMode multiboot;
+    uint32_t multiboot_entrypoint;
+    uint8_t slave_id;
+} Header;

src/memory.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+#include "memory.hh"
+#include "header.hh"
+#include "util/log.hh"
+#include "util/utils.hh"
+
+Memory::Memory(std::array<uint8_t, BIOS_SIZE>&& bios,
+               std::vector<uint8_t>&& rom) noexcept
+  : bios(std::move(bios))
+  , board_wram(0)
+  , chip_wram(0)
+  , palette_ram(0)
+  , vram(0)
+  , oam_obj_attr(0)
+  , rom(std::move(rom)) {
+    std::string bios_hash = crypto::sha256(bios.data(), bios.size());
+    std::string expected_hash =
+      "fd2547724b505f487e6dcb29ec2ecff3af35a841a77ab2e85fd87350abd36570";
+
+    if (bios_hash != expected_hash) {
+        log_warn("BIOS hash failed to match, run at your own risk",
+                 "\nExpected : ",
+                 expected_hash,
+                 "\nGot      : ",
+                 bios_hash);
+    }
+
+    parse_header();
+
+    log("Memory successfully initialised");
+};
+
+#define MATCHES(area) address >= area##_START&& address <= area##_END
+
+uint8_t
+Memory::read(size_t address) const {
+    if (MATCHES(BIOS)) {
+        return bios[address];
+    } else if (MATCHES(BOARD_WRAM)) {
+        return board_wram[address - BOARD_WRAM_START];
+    } else if (MATCHES(CHIP_WRAM)) {
+        return chip_wram[address - CHIP_WRAM_START];
+    } else if (MATCHES(PALETTE_RAM)) {
+        return palette_ram[address - PALETTE_RAM_START];
+    } else if (MATCHES(VRAM)) {
+        return vram[address - VRAM_START];
+    } else if (MATCHES(OAM_OBJ_ATTR)) {
+        return oam_obj_attr[address - OAM_OBJ_ATTR_START];
+    } else if (MATCHES(ROM_0)) {
+        return rom[address - ROM_0_START];
+    } else if (MATCHES(ROM_1)) {
+        return rom[address - ROM_1_START];
+    } else if (MATCHES(ROM_2)) {
+        return rom[address - ROM_2_START];
+    } else {
+        log_error("Invalid memory region accessed");
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Memory::write(size_t address, uint8_t byte) {
+    if (MATCHES(BIOS)) {
+        bios[address] = byte;
+    } else if (MATCHES(BOARD_WRAM)) {
+        board_wram[address - BOARD_WRAM_START] = byte;
+    } else if (MATCHES(CHIP_WRAM)) {
+        chip_wram[address - CHIP_WRAM_START] = byte;
+    } else if (MATCHES(PALETTE_RAM)) {
+        palette_ram[address - PALETTE_RAM_START] = byte;
+    } else if (MATCHES(VRAM)) {
+        vram[address - VRAM_START] = byte;
+    } else if (MATCHES(OAM_OBJ_ATTR)) {
+        oam_obj_attr[address - OAM_OBJ_ATTR_START] = byte;
+    } else if (MATCHES(ROM_0)) {
+        rom[address - ROM_0_START] = byte;
+    } else if (MATCHES(ROM_1)) {
+        rom[address - ROM_1_START] = byte;
+    } else if (MATCHES(ROM_2)) {
+        rom[address - ROM_2_START] = byte;
+    } else {
+        log_error("Invalid memory region accessed");
+    }
+}
+
+#undef MATCHES
+
+uint16_t
+Memory::read_halfword(size_t address) const {
+    if (address & 0b01)
+        log_warn("Reading a non aligned halfword address");
+
+    return read(address) | read(address + 1) << 8;
+}
+
+void
+Memory::write_halfword(size_t address, uint16_t halfword) {
+    if (address & 0b01)
+        log_warn("Writing to a non aligned halfword address");
+
+    write(address, halfword & 0xFF);
+    write(address + 1, halfword >> 8 & 0xFF);
+}
+
+uint32_t
+Memory::read_word(size_t address) const {
+    if (address & 0b11)
+        log_warn("Reading a non aligned word address");
+
+    return read(address) | read(address + 1) << 8 | read(address + 2) << 16 |
+           read(address + 3) << 24;
+}
+
+void
+Memory::write_word(size_t address, uint32_t halfword) {
+    if (address & 0b11)
+        log_warn("Writing to a non aligned word address");
+
+    write(address, halfword & 0xFF);
+    write(address + 1, halfword >> 8 & 0xFF);
+    write(address + 2, halfword >> 16 & 0xFF);
+    write(address + 3, halfword >> 24 & 0xFF);
+}
+
+void
+Memory::parse_header() {
+    // entrypoint
+    header.entrypoint =
+      rom[0x00] | rom[0x01] << 8 | rom[0x02] << 16 | rom[0x03] << 24;
+
+    // nintendo logo
+    if (rom[0x9C] != 0x21)
+        log_info("HEADER: BIOS debugger bits not set to 0");
+
+    // game info
+    std::copy(&rom[0xA0], &rom[0xA0 + 12], header.title);
+
+    switch (rom[0xAC]) {
+        case 'A':
+            header.unique_code = Header::UniqueCode::Old;
+            break;
+        case 'B':
+            header.unique_code = Header::UniqueCode::New;
+            break;
+        case 'C':
+            header.unique_code = Header::UniqueCode::Newer;
+            break;
+        case 'F':
+            header.unique_code = Header::UniqueCode::Famicom;
+            break;
+        case 'K':
+            header.unique_code = Header::UniqueCode::YoshiKoro;
+            break;
+        case 'P':
+            header.unique_code = Header::UniqueCode::Ereader;
+            break;
+        case 'R':
+            header.unique_code = Header::UniqueCode::Warioware;
+            break;
+        case 'U':
+            header.unique_code = Header::UniqueCode::Boktai;
+            break;
+        case 'V':
+            header.unique_code = Header::UniqueCode::DrillDozer;
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            log_error("HEADER: invalid unique code: ", rom[0xAC]);
+    }
+
+    header.title_code[0] = rom[0xAD];
+    header.title_code[1] = rom[0xAE];
+
+    switch (rom[0xAF]) {
+        case 'J':
+            header.i18n = Header::I18n::Japan;
+            break;
+        case 'P':
+            header.i18n = Header::I18n::Europe;
+            break;
+        case 'F':
+            header.i18n = Header::I18n::French;
+            break;
+        case 'S':
+            header.i18n = Header::I18n::Spanish;
+            break;
+        case 'E':
+            header.i18n = Header::I18n::Usa;
+            break;
+        case 'D':
+            header.i18n = Header::I18n::German;
+            break;
+        case 'I':
+            header.i18n = Header::I18n::Italian;
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            log_error("HEADER: invalid destination/language - ", rom[0xAF]);
+    }
+
+    if (rom[0xB2] != 0x96)
+        log_error("HEADER: invalid fixed byte at 0xB2");
+
+    for (size_t i = 0xB5; i < 0xBC; i++) {
+        if (rom[i] != 0x00)
+            log_error("HEADER: invalid fixed bytes at 0xB5");
+    }
+
+    header.version = rom[0xBC];
+
+    // checksum
+    {
+        size_t i = 0xA0, chk = 0;
+        while (i <= 0xBC)
+            chk -= rom[i++];
+        chk -= 0x19;
+        chk &= 0xFF;
+
+        if (chk != rom[0xBD])
+            log_error("HEADER: checksum does not match");
+    }
+
+    // multiboot not required right now
+}

src/memory.hh

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "header.hh"
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
+
+class Memory {
+  public:
+    static constexpr size_t BIOS_SIZE = 1024 * 16;
+
+    Memory(std::array<uint8_t, BIOS_SIZE>&& bios,
+           std::vector<uint8_t>&& rom) noexcept;
+
+    uint8_t read(size_t address) const;
+    void write(size_t address, uint8_t byte);
+
+    uint16_t read_halfword(size_t address) const;
+    void write_halfword(size_t address, uint16_t halfword);
+
+    uint32_t read_word(size_t address) const;
+    void write_word(size_t address, uint32_t word);
+
+  private:
+#define MEMORY_REGION(name, start, end)                                        \
+    static constexpr size_t name##_START = start;                              \
+    static constexpr size_t name##_END   = end;
+
+#define DECL_MEMORY(name, ident, start, end)                                   \
+    MEMORY_REGION(name, start, end)                                            \
+    uint8_t ident[name##_END - name##_START + 1];
+
+    MEMORY_REGION(BIOS, 0x00000000, 0x00003FFF)
+    std::array<uint8_t, BIOS_SIZE> bios;
+    static_assert(BIOS_END - BIOS_START + 1 == BIOS_SIZE);
+
+    // board working RAM
+    DECL_MEMORY(BOARD_WRAM, board_wram, 0x02000000, 0x0203FFFF)
+
+    // chip working RAM
+    DECL_MEMORY(CHIP_WRAM, chip_wram, 0x03000000, 0x03007FFF)
+
+    // palette RAM
+    DECL_MEMORY(PALETTE_RAM, palette_ram, 0x05000000, 0x050003FF)
+
+    // video RAM
+    DECL_MEMORY(VRAM, vram, 0x06000000, 0x06017FFF)
+
+    // OAM OBJ attributes
+    DECL_MEMORY(OAM_OBJ_ATTR, oam_obj_attr, 0x07000000, 0x070003FF)
+
+#undef DECL_MEMORY
+
+    MEMORY_REGION(ROM_0, 0x08000000, 0x09FFFFFF)
+    MEMORY_REGION(ROM_1, 0x0A000000, 0x0BFFFFFF)
+    MEMORY_REGION(ROM_2, 0x0C000000, 0x0DFFFFFF)
+
+#undef MEMORY_REGION
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> rom;
+    Header header;
+    void parse_header();
+};

src/meson.build

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 lib_sources = files(
-  'emulator.cc'
+  'memory.cc',
+  'bus.cc'
 )
 
+subdir('util')
 subdir('cpu')
 
 lib = library(
   meson.project_name(),
   lib_sources,
-  include_directories: inc,
   install: true
 )
 

src/util/log.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#include "log.hh"
+
+namespace logging {
+
+namespace ansi {
+static const char* RED     = "\033[31m";
+static const char* YELLOW  = "\033[33m";
+static const char* MAGENTA = "\033[35m";
+static const char* WHITE   = "\033[37m";
+static const char* BOLD    = "\033[1m";
+static const char* RESET   = "\033[0m";
+}
+
+Logger::Logger(std::ostream& os)
+  : os(os){};
+
+void
+Logger::set_level(Level level) {
+    switch (level) {
+        case Level::Debug:
+            os << ansi::MAGENTA << ansi::BOLD << "[DEBUG] ";
+            break;
+
+        case Level::Info:
+            os << ansi::WHITE << "[INFO] ";
+            break;
+
+        case Level::Warn:
+            os << ansi::YELLOW << "[WARN] ";
+            break;
+
+        case Level::Error:
+            os << ansi::RED << ansi::BOLD << "[ERROR] ";
+            break;
+
+            // unreachable
+        default: {
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Logger::reset_level() {
+    os << ansi::RESET;
+}
+}
+
+// Global logger
+logging::Logger logger;

src/util/log.hh

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <source_location>
+#include <streambuf>
+
+namespace logging {
+enum class Level {
+    Debug,
+    Info,
+    Warn,
+    Error,
+};
+
+class Logger {
+  public:
+    Logger(std::ostream& os = std::clog);
+
+    template<typename... Args>
+    void print(Level level, Args&&... args) {
+        set_level(level);
+        (os << ... << args);
+        reset_level();
+        os << std::endl;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::ostream& os;
+    void set_level(Level level);
+    void reset_level();
+};
+}
+
+extern logging::Logger logger;
+
+#define log_debug(...) logger.print(logging::Level::Debug, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define log_info(...) logger.print(logging::Level::Info, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define log_warn(...) logger.print(logging::Level::Warn, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define log_error(...) logger.print(logging::Level::Error, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define log(...) log_info(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define debug(value) log_debug(#value, " = ", value)

src/util/meson.build

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+lib_sources += files(
+  'log.cc',
+  'utils.cc'
+)

src/util/utils.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#include "utils.hh"
+#include <bit>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace crypto {
+
+using std::rotr;
+
+std::string
+sha256(const uint8_t* data, const size_t size) {
+    // Assuming 1 byte = 8 bits
+    std::stringstream string;
+    size_t k = 512 - (size * 8 + 65) % 512;
+    size_t L = size + (65 + k) / 8;
+    size_t i, j;
+    bool c = 0;
+
+    static constexpr uint32_t K[64] = {
+        0x428a2f98, 0x71374491, 0xb5c0fbcf, 0xe9b5dba5, 0x3956c25b, 0x59f111f1,
+        0x923f82a4, 0xab1c5ed5, 0xd807aa98, 0x12835b01, 0x243185be, 0x550c7dc3,
+        0x72be5d74, 0x80deb1fe, 0x9bdc06a7, 0xc19bf174, 0xe49b69c1, 0xefbe4786,
+        0x0fc19dc6, 0x240ca1cc, 0x2de92c6f, 0x4a7484aa, 0x5cb0a9dc, 0x76f988da,
+        0x983e5152, 0xa831c66d, 0xb00327c8, 0xbf597fc7, 0xc6e00bf3, 0xd5a79147,
+        0x06ca6351, 0x14292967, 0x27b70a85, 0x2e1b2138, 0x4d2c6dfc, 0x53380d13,
+        0x650a7354, 0x766a0abb, 0x81c2c92e, 0x92722c85, 0xa2bfe8a1, 0xa81a664b,
+        0xc24b8b70, 0xc76c51a3, 0xd192e819, 0xd6990624, 0xf40e3585, 0x106aa070,
+        0x19a4c116, 0x1e376c08, 0x2748774c, 0x34b0bcb5, 0x391c0cb3, 0x4ed8aa4a,
+        0x5b9cca4f, 0x682e6ff3, 0x748f82ee, 0x78a5636f, 0x84c87814, 0x8cc70208,
+        0x90befffa, 0xa4506ceb, 0xbef9a3f7, 0xc67178f2
+    };
+
+    uint32_t h[8] = { 0x6a09e667, 0xbb67ae85, 0x3c6ef372, 0xa54ff53a,
+                      0x510e527f, 0x9b05688c, 0x1f83d9ab, 0x5be0cd19 };
+
+    for (i = 0; i < L; i += 64) {
+        size_t n = (size > i ? size - i : 0);
+        uint32_t h0[8];
+        uint32_t w[64] = { 0 };
+
+        if (n == 64)
+            c = 1;
+
+        if (n >= 64) {
+            for (j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+                w[j] = data[i + j * 4] << 24 | data[i + j * 4 + 1] << 16 |
+                       data[i + j * 4 + 2] << 8 | data[i + j * 4 + 3];
+            }
+        } else {
+            uint8_t cur[64] = { 0 };
+
+            if (n) {
+                std::copy(data + i, data + size, cur);
+                cur[n] = 0x80;
+            } else if (c) {
+                cur[n] = 0x80;
+            }
+
+            if (n < 54) {
+                for (j = 56; j < 64; j++) {
+                    cur[j] = (size * 8 >> ((63 - j) * 8)) & 0xFF;
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+                w[j] = cur[j * 4] << 24 | cur[j * 4 + 1] << 16 |
+                       cur[j * 4 + 2] << 8 | cur[j * 4 + 3];
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (j = 16; j < 64; j++) {
+            uint32_t s0 =
+              rotr(w[j - 15], 7) ^ rotr(w[j - 15], 18) ^ (w[j - 15] >> 3);
+            uint32_t s1 =
+              rotr(w[j - 2], 17) ^ rotr(w[j - 2], 19) ^ (w[j - 2] >> 10);
+
+            w[j] = w[j - 16] + w[j - 7] + s0 + s1;
+        }
+
+        std::copy(h, h + 8, h0);
+
+        for (j = 0; j < 64; j++) {
+            uint32_t s1  = rotr(h0[4], 6) ^ rotr(h0[4], 11) ^ rotr(h0[4], 25);
+            uint32_t ch  = (h0[4] & h0[5]) ^ (~h0[4] & h0[6]);
+            uint32_t t1  = h0[7] + s1 + ch + K[j] + w[j];
+            uint32_t s0  = rotr(h0[0], 2) ^ rotr(h0[0], 13) ^ rotr(h0[0], 22);
+            uint32_t maj = (h0[0] & h0[1]) ^ (h0[0] & h0[2]) ^ (h0[1] & h0[2]);
+            uint32_t t2  = s0 + maj;
+
+            h0[7] = h0[6];
+            h0[6] = h0[5];
+            h0[5] = h0[4];
+            h0[4] = h0[3] + t1;
+            h0[3] = h0[2];
+            h0[2] = h0[1];
+            h0[1] = h0[0];
+            h0[0] = t1 + t2;
+        }
+
+        for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
+            h[j] += h0[j];
+    }
+
+    string << std::hex << std::setfill('0');
+
+    for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
+        for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+            string << std::setw(2) << ((h[j] >> (24 - i * 8)) & 0xFF);
+
+    return string.str();
+}
+}

src/util/utils.hh

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+// Why I wrote this myself? I do not know
+// I will off myself 😹😹😹😹
+namespace crypto {
+std::string
+sha256(const uint8_t* data, const size_t size);
+}